Background of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions
The American Federation of Labor
Founded: December 8, 1886 was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor association.
American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), American federation of autonomous labor unions formed in 1955 by the merger of the AFL (founded 1886), which originally organized workers in craft unions, and the CIO (founded 1935), which organized workers by industries. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045211/1919-09-15/ed-1/seq-3/
GOOGLE DARPA’s Regina Dugan Joins Google 2013
Her push into crowdsourcing and outreach to the hacker community were eye-openers in the often-closed world of military R&D. Dugan also won over some military commanders by diverting some of her research cash from long-term, blue-sky projects to immediate battlefield concerns. ~ wired.com
#AMAZON Corporation Welfare Queen Leeches
Not 1 dollar paid in taxes from the Richest Man in America thanks to their loopholes from bankrolled politicians and their lobbies.
Why did the U.S. get into the college loan business in the first place? Tax Dollars, came from the people, to be spent for the people to protect the welfare of the United States.
To Protect the Welfare of the United States.
In 1957 the Russians launched Sputnik. Student loans tied to help the U.S. compete technologically and scientifically with the Soviet Union.
President Dwight Eisenhower heeded calls to improve science and technical education by establishing a low-interest college-loan program through the National Defense Education Act of 1958 – with loan dollars coming straight from the government.
That name comes from the original name back in the ’70s, Student Loan Marketing Association. Sallie Mae (official name: SLM Corporation) was born as a government-sponsored enterprise.
PRIVATIZED PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
Rethuglican Gorden Gecko greed is good wanted all that loan sharking revenue from public money put in their pocket.
It was no longer about the welfare of the United States it is now all about Gorden Gecko greed is good profit taking for the public sector. That is why politicians allow it to continue. It’s great for wall street GGs they want their returns made from enslaving the American Public.
‘I don’t want to be the forbearer of bad news, but forbearance actually increases your interest over time. An income-based repayment plan would be more fiscally responsible.’
—Comedian John Hodgman on his fictional student-loan game show
2014 The president and CEO of Sallie Mae BECAME Navient’s CEO. Sallie Mae kept the company’s consumer banking operations, and new private student loans will originate from and be serviced by a private corporation.
Navient originates federally guaranteed student loans. It will also service private student loans that Sallie Mae currently holds.
NavientCEO Jack Remondi, Warren audited by the Department of Education. The program includes multiple loan types and over 50 different repayment statuses. It is safe to say that the federal student loan program is the most complex consumer loan program in the world.
PROBLEM SOLVED: WHAT YOU CAN DO
IN SOLIDARITY THERE IS POWER, ORGANIZE, TAKE ACTION.
Join the Debt Collective to fight economic exploitation! Here you can dispute your debts, challenge creditors, and join others to organize campaigns, direct actions, and financial disobedience. Together we can build a new economy where no one has to go into debt to meet their basic needs.
Dispute Errors on Your Credit Report
Dispute Your Wages Being Taken
Dispute Any Debt in Collections (except a student loan) that has been sent to collections. Make them prove it! (All debt types except private student loans)
A bailout of the people by the people
Student debt has surpassed $1.5 trillion partly because it is one of the most protected forms of debt by federal law. Student debtors can rarely discharge their loans in bankruptcy and lenders have rights to garnish wages and social security payments. The vast majority of student loans have these federal guarantees. We cannot buy these loans because there is no secondary market. However, we believe it may be possible to buy private tuition debt of some sort that is not guaranteed by the federal government.
CALL YOUR STATE AG Attorney General
The five states suing Navient — Illinois, Pennsylvania, Washington, California and Mississippi for breaking their laws regarding consumer protection.
A 2017 study by the Government Accountability Office estimates that a typical borrower of a $30,000 student loan who places their loan into forbearance for three years — the maximum allowed for economic-hardship forbearance — would pay an additional $6,742 in interest on that loan.
The largest contributor to student loan defaults, however, is not over-borrowing. It’s not graduating. Despite the perception that student loan defaults are driven by excessive debt, in fact, two-thirds of all defaults are from those who borrowed less than $10,000. Only 4 percent of defaults are from those who borrowed more than $40,000.
Federal watchdog issues scathing report on ed department’s handling of student loans
Betsy Devos rewarded as Head of the Department of Education Charter School Business owner after giving the largest campaign Trump donation.
U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Inspector General finds the department’s student loan unit failed to adequately supervise the companies it pays to manage the nation’s trillion-dollar portfolio of federal student loans.
The report also rebukes the department’s office of Federal Student Aid for rarely penalizing companies that failed to follow the rules.
Navient is a publicly traded company. The fewer customer-service agents Navient employs, the more money Navient puts in its pocket. If the Department of Education chose to require all servicers to discuss income-driven repayment plans with all borrowers, the Department of Education needs to redo its contract with Navient.
The department’s own inspector general says student loan companies aren’t following the rules, and that the government isn’t doing enough to hold them accountable.
Failures by the servicers, among them, not telling borrowers about all of their repayment options, or miscalculating what borrowers should have to pay through an income-driven repayment plan.
According to the review, two loan servicing companies,
Navient and the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency, better known as FedLoan, repeatedly placed borrowers into costly forbearance without offering them other, more beneficial options.
SAY NO TO FORBEARANCE
REMEMBER: IT’S A BEAR
THAT WILL EAT YOU FOR LIFE
Instead of safeguarding borrowers’ interests, the report says, FSA’s inconsistent oversight allowed these companies, known as loan servicers, to potentially hurt borrowers and pocket government dollars that should have been refunded because servicers weren’t meeting federal requirements.
“By not holding servicers accountable,” the report says, “FSA could give its servicers the impression that it is not concerned with servicer noncompliance with Federal loan servicing requirements, including protecting borrowers’ rights.”
“It’s hard to look at this as anything other than completely damning,” says Seth Frotman, a consumer advocate and former government, student loan watchdog who is now executive director of the Student Borrower Protection Center.
the “unsophisticated consumer” doesn’t generally understand his or her legal rights.
“This is the most damaging in a long line of investigations, audits, and reports that show the Department of Education is asleep at the switch when it is responsible for over a trillion dollars of student loan debt.”
And remember, the people around Trump (and presumably the person who took the picture) are probably paying customers. Trump benefits personally from their membership dues, and they get access to the president of the United States.
Millions of borrowers are suffering under the weight of student debt. It’s time to take a stand.
Protect yourself from Betsy Devos. These defaults will destroy their credit and jeopardize their financial future. It may even cost them their job.
PROTECT BORROWERS blog It’s Time to Fight Back By Seth Frotman | November 28, 2018 Seth Frotman is the Executive Director of the Student Borrower Protection Center. He previously served as Assistant Director and Student Loan Ombudsman at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, where he led a government-wide effort to crack down on abuses by the student loan industry and protect borrowers.
Corruption and sleaziness in the under-regulated industry were disturbing and grim. At one point, he had footage of a Debt Buyers Association conference that featured panelists sneering at how the “unsophisticated consumer” doesn’t generally understand his or her legal rights.
In what he called “the largest one-time giveaway in television show history,” he forgave some $15 million in medical debt for some 9,000 Texans.
The stunt came at the end of his brilliantly scathing 20-minute takedown of the debt-buying industry.
For $50, he set up a debt-buying company and named it Central Asset Recovery Professionals, or CARP, “after a bottom-feeding fish,” he explained. Then he made himself the chairman of the board, and bought a portfolio of nearly $15 million in debt for $60,000. Rather than ruthlessly harass the people who owed the money — “I could legally have CARP take possession of that debt and have employees start calling people, turning their lives upside down over medical debt” — he said he was forgiving it all.
the five states suing Navient — Illinois, Pennsylvania, Washington, California and Mississippi — say the behavior breaks their laws regarding consumer protection.Navient Corp., the nation’s third-largest student loan servicing company.
The Department of Justice and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. accused Sallie Mae and its loan unit, now called Navient, of intentionally violating the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act by overcharging active-duty troops beginning in 2005
The beginning of cloud based music streaming technology starts in 1899.
There is Nothing new under the sun, so if you were born after 1985 this may sound like fossil hunting, however this really happened!
Swing Hostess is a comedy that shows a fictional company named Jukebox Emporium Company using the real technology – serving music from vinyl records through the telephone wire that allowed Jukebox users to hear the requested songs.
Watch Swing Hostess 1944 Comedy
Women’s Work
Lots of sexist, nasty comments about “those kind of women”
► 33:38 Jukebox User Request to the operator:
How About the Cook Stove Special?
Yeah, you know Home on the Range. 🙂
► 14:00 The Job Training explains the “File” system
In the beginning of Wired Music technology, you ordered your song to play by telephone. The company service had a central office with operators who loaded disks onto record players. It only served a limited area of office buildings and other businesses. The bandwidth of the premium phone lines was better than a standard phone line (300-3000 Hz), but still not exactly “hi-fi”, but for 78 records it was good enough.
► 34:00 Get the marines! we’ve got a war to wage.
► 34:24 The company phone operator receives a phone call from the Juke Box “User” who has paid .25¢, .10¢, or .05¢ cents to hear the vinyl record spin the requested song through the telephone wire to the customer/user who paid to hear it.
► From vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, Napster files, mp3, mp4, wav etc, ipod players, cell phones to Streaming companies where it is no longer necessary to own the file.
Now we pay $10.00 monthly for all you can eat modern cloud based streamingtech companies when a user can choose from millions of files.
The Shyvers Multiphone, released in 1939 by Kenneth C. Shyvers, was an early model of a coin-operated phonograph (also known as a jukebox). It allowed patrons at restaurants, cafes and bars to play music at their table, and worked through telephone lines. The user inserted the necessary amount of coins, and was connected to a team of all-female disc jockeys in Seattle, who manually put on the selected song on a phonograph, playing the music through the telephone connection. At the height of the product’s popularity, the 8,000 Multiphones were used in various establishments primarily on the west coast. – Shyvers’ 1947 patent for his music box design – Development of Telephone Line Broadcasting Systems -A Centralized Music Library
The Multiphone was a music selection device that operated over telephone lines mostly in Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia, Washington from 1939 to 1959.
It was created by Kenneth and Lois Shyvers of the Seattle, Washington area. This man also invented the pinball machine. The Multiphone is a version of a jukebox wall box.
These units were typically placed on tables, counters or bars. A patron could deposit a coin and speak with a telephone operator standing at a turntable at the Central Music studio, who would then play a selection in the speaker at the bottom of the Multiphone. These units became popular because they had a record range of 170 whereas jukeboxes only had a record range of 20-48.
How it worked
These units sat on tables, counters, and bars. The system required two leased telephone lines, one for the multiphone, one for the loudspeakers on the wall that were connected to the record playing station. First you would select from the 170 choices of tunes, drop the correct amount of dimes in the coin slot at the top of the machine, for your selections. The two lights in the middle of the unit would then light up, and thru one of the leased telephone lines the disc jockey would be alerted and then they would talk direct to you thru the speaker in the top of the unit to find out your choices. You would give the numbered choices, they would then be played, with the sound coming thru the four inch speaker in the bottom of the unit. These units became popular because they had a record range of 170 whereas jukeboxes only had 20-24. The jukebox was remodeled to play 180 45 rpm records and the multiphone could not compete and went out of business in 1959. This unit is buffed cast aluminum and has been rewired to plug in and see the lights work. There is also speaker wire attached to hook up to your unit if so desired. The condition is excellent for its age. All original except the cord, no dents, no rust and no pitting. … Empire State Building Shyvers Jukebox Selector Pic
The Multiphone
played an important role in the evolution of the jukebox, an invention that grew to become a staple of its time and is still often used in cafes and restaurants to recreate the temporality of the mid 20th century. The first recorded coin operated phonograph was presented in 1889, in a public demonstration at the Palais Royal Restaurant in San Francisco on November 23, 1889.
Louis T. Glass, the operator of this initial model, is credited as “the father of the concept.” Before delving into the phonograph world, Glass worked as a telegraph operator at Western Union, but then left the company with the advent of the telephone, investing in various telephone companies in Oakland and San Francisco. He eventually became the general manager of the Pacific States Telephone and Telegraph Co. After his successful investments, he then partnered with businessman William S. Arnold to further develop the coin-operated phonograph.
Though Glass is considered to be the “father” of the jukebox, he and Arnold only filed a patent for the “Coin Actuated Attachment for Phonographs,” not a completely functional coin-operated phonograph in 1889.
The people of the 1930s and 1940s had coin-operated music players.
The Multiphone and jukeboxes created a new “social practice” of listening to the same music together as media scholar Jose van Dijck says in his article
“Record and Hold: Popular Music between personal and Collective memory.”
According to Dijck, a listener’s memory of music cannot be removed from the context in which it was experienced. For the people during the age of the Multiphone and jukeboxes, the conversations at bars and diners about selecting a song to play made a special place in listeners’ minds. More importantly, this very practice of going to a public place to listen to music is the effect of the technology’s power to create new rituals and thinking as media scholar, Marshall McLuhan discusses in his pivotal work, “The Medium Is The Message.”
2019 The Music Modernization Act passes
Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) ruled to increase royalty payments to songwriters and music publishers from music streaming companies by nearly 44 percent, the biggest rate increase granted in CRB history. These rates will go into effect for interactive streaming and limited download services like Amazon, Apple, Google, and Spotify for the years 2018-2022, and will transform how songwriters are paid by these interactive streaming services.
This was a hearing pitting songwriters and music publishers against five technology companies, including three of the largest companies in the world (Apple, Amazon and Google), which sought to reduce the already low rate of royalties that they pay to songwriters for the use of their music on their streaming services. [monopolies vs. antitrust law]
Even though the songwriters were looking for a per-stream rate, that they did not get, the digital services were fighting to reduce rates, so it is still a victory for them. Streamlined rate terms replace calculations with a simplified formula based on the “greater of” concept. This, under previous conditions, may have involved dozens of computations involving different offerings has been reduced to two variables. Originally, songwriters asked the CRB to grant the greater of 15 cents per 100 streams or $1.06 per user per month, but they did gain ground. Over the last decade, since the beginning of music streaming, writer royalties had been strictly based on a percentage of each streaming service’s revenue, putting them at the mercy of subjective corporate decision-making.
Streaming Revenues
► Broadcasts are considered a public performance, and garner a higher performance license rate. For instance, Rodney Jerkins illustrated the discrepancy in September at the Recording Academy’s District Advocacy Day in Los Angeles by sharing an accounting statement for “As Long As You Love Me,” a top 10 hit for Justin Bieber in 2012. By 2013, Jerkins’ stake in the song generated $146,000 in performance royalties, while streaming revenue from the same period garnered $278 for 38 million Pandora plays and $218 for 34 million YouTube streams.
The CRB ruling legitimizes and secures higher rates while also allowing for the possible removal of a contested provision in the controversial Music Modernization Act.
1) For the next five years (from 2018 – 2022) the per-stream royalty rate for mechanical royalties will increase incrementally from the current 10.5% of Gross revenue to 15.1% of Gross revenue. For example, in the current model, if a music service made $100 in Gross Revenue, then 10.5% of $100 is the pot of money being paid for all the compositions, an amount of $10.50. If there are 100 streams in that one month, the service divides $10.50 by 100 streams to get a per stream rate of $0.105 per stream Under the new model, by 2022, the 10.5% will increase to 15.1%. Doing the same calculation means each stream is now worth $0.151 per stream, an increase of about 40%.
2) If the music services pay the royalties late, they will be charged a late fee.
3) If a record label negotiates a higher rate with Spotify for the recording (as there is no government regulation or rate for recordings), then the royalty rate for the composition can also increase, but with a limit. For example, if a record label gets 70% of Gross Revenue, then the amount being paid for the composition could theoretically increase to above 15.1%.
HOW LONG HAS THIS BEEN GOING ON?
The Telephone Line Music Systems were an interesting but short-lived feature in the history of the jukebox.
► 2019 The CRB mandated 15.1% rate, phasing in over the next five years, is one of the highest rates in the world and is now a rate that must be met under the law.
► The first recorded coin operated phonograph was presented in 1889, in a public demonstration at the Palais Royal Restaurant in San Francisco on November 23, 1889.
2019 ARSC CONFERENCE The Outreach Committee of the Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC)
53rd annual ARSC Conference, May 8-11, 2019, in Portland, Oregon.
The conference programs will take place at the Benson Hotel, an historic hotel located within walking distance of shopping, dining, and entertainment in the Pearl District, Pioneer Square, and downtown Portland. It is within striking distance of several of the city’s many record stores and Powell’s City of Books. Museums include the Portland Art Museum, Oregon Historical Society, and the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry.
The pre-conference workshop, “All Things Digital: Digital Audio Workstation Basics,” will be held on May 8, 9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m., at the Crystal Ballroom, in the Benson Hotel.
A block of rooms has been reserved at special rates for ARSC conference attendees. ARSC’s contracted dates extend from May 7-11. Additionally, the group rate will be honored three days before and three days after, based on availability. The deadline for reservations at the group rate is April 12. After that date, reservations will be accepted on a space available basis at the prevailing rate.
Register early and save! In order to receive the early registration discount, you must register for the conference by April 19. Registration options are available for members and non-members. A special fee waiver program is available for student members. Online registration is now available at:
ARSC is dedicated to the preservation and study of sound recordings — in all genres of music and speech, in all formats, and from all periods. Reflecting this broad mission, the upcoming conference offers talks and sessions that will appeal to both professionals and collectors.
Presenters include representatives from archives across North America and Europe, as well as record collectors, dealers, audio engineers and producers, academics, historians, and musicians.
This year’s plenary sessions are:
► The Music Modernization Act and You
Discogs — Collaboration and Crowdsourcing in the 21st Century
Presentations and session topics include:
The Fabulous Wailers and the Founding of the Northwest Rock ’n’ Roll Sound
Phil Moore: Portland’s Forgotten Groomer of the Stars and Musical Genius
Portland’s Native Son Mel Blanc: “Wascally Wabbit” Making “Wecords” 🙂
Recent Developments in Audio Retrieval via Optical Methods
Discography, Then and Now
Recent Developments in the Preservation of Wire Recordings, Magnabelts, and Dictabelts
The First Black-Owned Recording Ventures Reissued: Black Swans
Jack Penewell: The Paramount Test Pressings and Private Recordings of the Inventor of the Twin-Six Guitar
Lacquers: Playback and Content
How to Leverage Open Mass Digitization Audio Projects
A Century of Concert Spiritual Recordings: The Pioneers
The First Days of Disco
Preserving NBC Radio Coverage of the Founding of the United Nations
Media Preservation and Digitization Principles and Practices
Portland’s DIY Scene: The Punk Underground, and Rock and Roll
Mahalia Jackson’s Apollo Recordings
How Archiving Challenges of the Past Can Be Used to Shape Future Approaches
Laurel and Hardy on the Radio: Rare and Well Done
Bob Fass and Radio Unnameable: Saving NYC’s Radical Radio History
Surveying Archival Yiddish Audio Collections: A Treasure of Yiddish Songs and Stories
Where the Music Matters: KEXP Audio Archives Digitization
Inventing the Recording in 1900 Spain: The Era of the Gabinetes Fonográficos
► Thursday evening “Ask the Technical Committee”
► Friday evening open to the general public “Collectors’ Roundtable” Friday evening, join Mark Cantor for the music-on-film event, “Music is Where You Find It.” Most fans of music on film are well aware of the riches to be found within feature films, short subjects, SOUNDIES, and television broadcasts. But popular music — jazz, blues, country, ethnic, and just plain “pop” — can be found in many other film genres. In this session, we will explore some of the other sources — often neglected when music on film is discussed — where great performances can be found: fund raising films, industrial shorts, television commercials, raw newsreel footage, experimental and independent films, propaganda pieces, animated cartoons, and home movies. This program is drawn from the Celluloid Improvisations Music Film Archive, perhaps the largest private collection of musical content where 16mm sound film is the primary source. Join us for a session of rarities that includes appearances from Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Helen Humes, Don Shirley, Big Bill Broonzy, “Cannonball” Adderley, Spade Cooley, Eddie Lang, and many more!
► PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP
“All Things Digital: Digital Audio Workstation Basics” is a full-day, hands-on workshop on May 8, at the Benson Hotel. The workshop will give attendees a practical overview of digital audio workstation use for archival applications. It is intended for archivists, collection managers, researchers, students, and anyone who needs to have a working knowledge of digital audio. No previous experience necessary. The workshop is limited to 50 attendees.
OPTIONAL PRE-CONFERENCE TOUR
On May 8, tour Cascade Record Pressing, the first large-production, automated record pressing plant in the Pacific Northwest. It is Oregon’s only vinyl record pressing plant, and produces high-quality records for discerning artists and labels. Learn about all aspects of the record pressing process. Cascade Record Pressing is located about 20 minutes southeast of downtown Portland in Milwaukie. Grace Krause, Project Manager at Cascade Record Pressing, is generously offering a pre-conference tour for a limited number of participants (maximum: 15). Participants meet in the Benson Hotel lobby at 1:15 p.m. for 1:30 p.m. departure for the tour. Transportation will be by shared Uber vehicles. Participants return to hotel at 3:30 p.m. Fee applies (covers transportation).
NEWCOMER ORIENTATION and MENTORING PROGRAM
ARSC invites first-time conference attendees and conference veterans to participate in the Conference Mentoring Program. The program pairs newcomers with long-time members, based on their shared interests. Mentors provide mentees with an orientation to the conference, the association, and its participants in informal meetings over the course of the conference. Only ARSC veterans who are committed to the mentoring program should volunteer.
AWARDS BANQUET
The conference will conclude on Saturday evening with the annual Awards Banquet. Winners of the 2018 Awards for Excellence and 2019 Lifetime Achievement and Distinguished Service awards will be honored. Finalists for the 2019 Awards for Excellence will be announced.
The Association for Recorded Sound Collections is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation and study of sound recordings — in all genres of music and speech, in all formats, and from all periods. ARSC is unique in bringing together private individuals and institutional professionals — everyone with a serious interest in recorded sound.
Imperialst Family of Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918),
Empress Alexandra was one of her granddaughters, and the uncle of Tsar Nicholas II was married to one of her daughters, so the family ties between the Romanov family and the English queen were pretty strong. Both Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra referred to the English queen as “granny” or “grandmamma”.
The last Emperor of Russia Nicholas II of Russia was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution.
His son Alexander III, and his wife, tsaritsa Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna from in St. Petersburg, Imperial Russia who escaped to England.
Peaky Blinders were Real <peaky means looking sickley, pale, thin, starving>
The Peaky Blinders were a criminal gang based in Birmingham, England, during the great war. The name Peaky Blinders is popularly said to be derived from a practice of stitching razor blades into the peak of their flat caps, which could then be used as weapons, but actually appears to be describing a combination of their peaked caps and stylish clothing.
The King of England, Russian Aristocracy, White Movement.
He was forced to flee Russia after the revolution. The Soviets are undergoing a kind of civil war between the whites and the reds (capitalists vs. communists). Britain being capitalist wants to help out the whites to gain control but can’t do it publicly.
See Churchill Plot and the Economic League
The Romonovs live on the King’s Property the remaining Imperial Family were rescued on the HMS Marlborough in 1919. This was all thanks to Queen Alexandra’s iron determination to save her beloved sister.
Siberian Times Royal dog fled from Siberia into British exile, living in shadow of Windsor Castle By Kate Baklitskaya, 21 January 2014
Crown Prince’s spaniel saw the Romanov family gunned to death before his epic escape.
Rich Uncle Pennybags the mascot of the game Monopoly
In 1902 to 1903, Magie designed the game[2] and play tested it in Arden, Delaware.[3]
The game was created to be a “practical demonstration of the present system of land grabbing with all its usual outcomes and consequences”.
She based the game on the economic principles of Georgism, a system proposed by Henry George, with the object of demonstrating how rents enrich property owners and impoverish tenants.
She knew that some people could find it hard to understand why this happened and what might be done about it, and she thought that if Georgist ideas were put into the concrete form of a game, they might be easier to demonstrate.
Magie also hoped that when played by children the game would provoke their natural suspicion of unfairness, and that they might carry this awareness into adulthood.[3][4]
The Landlord’s Game has some similarities to the basic rules of the board game Zohn Ahl, played by the Kiowa Indians of North America.
There are hints that suggest Elizabeth Magie might have known Zohn Ahl and incorporated some of the game’s ideas.[5]
In 1903, Magie filed for a patent on the game[3] which was granted in 1904. Magie and other fellow Georgists formed a company,
Economic Game Company, in 1906 New York to publish the game. Besides Magie, the incorporators were E. H. Monroe of Chicago and E. G. Lenbusher of New York. Magie approached c to publish this and one other game in 1909.
Communism, Socialism, Capitalism
Dancer Margo Fontyne paid for guns for Tito in panama jail with husband helping cuba using arms dealer mr w.
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#AMAZON Corporation Welfare Queen Leeches 
